Name
The name derives from the Latin "Romani," meaning "people from Rome," and the current name was adopted when Moldavia and Wallachia merged in 1861.
Source: CIA World Factbook · 2026-02-01 · text generated from this source, approved by a person
Country
Romania
45.73° N, 24.97° E
For every 8.45 per 1,000 births there are 14.28 per 1,000 deaths — the population is falling 0.86% a year.
population growth -0.86% · 222nd/230 · birth rate 8.45 per 1,000 · 197th/226 · death rate 14.28 per 1,000 · 5th/226
CIA World Factbook · 2026-02-01 · ranks computed across the countries in this atlas that carry the value
- Population
- 19,356,544
- Natural Earth population estimate.
- Area
- 238,391 km²
- Official total area (land + water) from the CIA World Factbook. Computed from the Natural Earth boundary: ≈ 236,340 km².
- Population density
- ≈ 82 / km²
- Population divided by the computed boundary area.
- ISO codes
- RO · ROU
- GDP (nominal)
- $382.77 billion
- Field “Economy → GDP (official exchange rate)” in the CIA World Factbook archive (frozen 2026-02-01). Public domain. The Factbook stopped publishing in February 2026; the year shows when the value was estimated.
- GDP per capita (PPP)
- $40,600
- Field “Economy → Real GDP per capita → Real GDP per capita 2024” in the CIA World Factbook archive (frozen 2026-02-01). Public domain. The Factbook stopped publishing in February 2026; the year shows when the value was estimated.
Romania 238,391 km²Kyrgyzstan 199,951 km²
geometry: Natural Earth 1:50m · EPSG:6933 equal-area
Where Romania sits in the world
Each line is every country in this atlas that carries the value, ordered smallest to largest. The line down the middle is the world median; the mark on each line is this country.
- Median age45.8 years17th of 224 · median 32.6 years
- Life expectancy76.9 years98th of 224 · median 76.2 years
- Fertility rate1.63 children per woman160th of 225 · median 1.92 children per woman
- Population19,356,54461st of 235 · median 5,454,073
- Total area238,391 km²83rd of 228 · median 83,736 km²
- Coastline225 km134th of 229 · median 402 km
Overview
Climate
A temperate climate brings cold, cloudy winters with frequent snow and fog, and sunny summers with frequent showers and thunderstorms.
Source: CIA World Factbook · 2026-02-01 · text generated from this source, approved by a person
People and society
Romanian, Hungarian, Romani, Ukrainian, and German communities are among the country's ethnic groups. Romanian is the official language, alongside Hungarian, Romani, and other languages.
The country's religious affiliations include Romanian Orthodox, Roman Catholic, Reformed, Pentecostal, and others. Urbanization is not particularly high, and population distribution is fairly even throughout most of the country, while urban areas attract larger and denser populations.
Source: CIA World Factbook · 2026-02-01 · text generated from this source, approved by a person
Government
Its government is a semi-presidential republic. It uses a civil law system. The latest constitution was adopted 21 November 1991, approved by referendum, and took effect 8 December 1991. Independence was proclaimed from the Ottoman Empire on 9 May 1877 and recognized by the Treaty of Berlin on 13 July 1878. Unification Day marks the unification of Romania and Transylvania in 1918 and is observed on 1 December.
Source: CIA World Factbook · 2026-02-01 · text generated from this source, approved by a person
Flag and symbols
Three equal vertical bands of blue on the left, yellow, and red form the flag. The colors come from the principalities of Walachia, whose colors were red and yellow, and Moldavia, whose colors were red and blue; they united in 1862 to form Romania. The design was modeled on the French flag, and the national coat of arms that used to be centered on the yellow band has been removed. The national symbol is the golden eagle.
Source: CIA World Factbook · 2026-02-01 · text generated from this source, approved by a person
Key figures
CIA World Factbook
Economy
- GDP (nominal)
- $382.77 billion
- Field “Economy → GDP (official exchange rate)” in the CIA World Factbook archive (frozen 2026-02-01). Public domain. The Factbook stopped publishing in February 2026; the year shows when the value was estimated.
- GDP (PPP)
- $774.38 billion
- Field “Economy → Real GDP (purchasing power parity) → Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2024” in the CIA World Factbook archive (frozen 2026-02-01). Public domain. The Factbook stopped publishing in February 2026; the year shows when the value was estimated.
- GDP per capita (PPP)
- $40,600
- Field “Economy → Real GDP per capita → Real GDP per capita 2024” in the CIA World Factbook archive (frozen 2026-02-01). Public domain. The Factbook stopped publishing in February 2026; the year shows when the value was estimated.
- GDP growth
- +0.8%
- Field “Economy → Real GDP growth rate → Real GDP growth rate 2024” in the CIA World Factbook archive (frozen 2026-02-01). Public domain. The Factbook stopped publishing in February 2026; the year shows when the value was estimated.
- Inflation (consumer prices)
- 5.7%
- Field “Economy → Inflation rate (consumer prices) → Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2024” in the CIA World Factbook archive (frozen 2026-02-01). Public domain. The Factbook stopped publishing in February 2026; the year shows when the value was estimated.
- Unemployment
- 5.4%
- Field “Economy → Unemployment rate → Unemployment rate 2024” in the CIA World Factbook archive (frozen 2026-02-01). Public domain. The Factbook stopped publishing in February 2026; the year shows when the value was estimated.
- Exports
- $136.25 billion
- Field “Economy → Exports → Exports 2024” in the CIA World Factbook archive (frozen 2026-02-01). Public domain. The Factbook stopped publishing in February 2026; the year shows when the value was estimated.
- Imports
- $159.58 billion
- Field “Economy → Imports → Imports 2024” in the CIA World Factbook archive (frozen 2026-02-01). Public domain. The Factbook stopped publishing in February 2026; the year shows when the value was estimated.
People
- Life expectancy
- 76.9 years
- Field “People and Society → Life expectancy at birth → total population” in the CIA World Factbook archive (frozen 2026-02-01). Public domain. The Factbook stopped publishing in February 2026; the year shows when the value was estimated.
- Median age
- 45.8 years
- Field “People and Society → Median age → total” in the CIA World Factbook archive (frozen 2026-02-01). Public domain. The Factbook stopped publishing in February 2026; the year shows when the value was estimated.
- Birth rate
- 8.45 per 1,000
- Field “People and Society → Birth rate” in the CIA World Factbook archive (frozen 2026-02-01). Public domain. The Factbook stopped publishing in February 2026; the year shows when the value was estimated.
- Death rate
- 14.28 per 1,000
- Field “People and Society → Death rate” in the CIA World Factbook archive (frozen 2026-02-01). Public domain. The Factbook stopped publishing in February 2026; the year shows when the value was estimated.
- Fertility rate
- 1.63 children per woman
- Field “People and Society → Total fertility rate” in the CIA World Factbook archive (frozen 2026-02-01). Public domain. The Factbook stopped publishing in February 2026; the year shows when the value was estimated.
- Population growth
- -0.86% a year
- Field “People and Society → Population growth rate” in the CIA World Factbook archive (frozen 2026-02-01). Public domain. The Factbook stopped publishing in February 2026; the year shows when the value was estimated.
- Urban population
- 54.7%
- Field “People and Society → Urbanization → urban population” in the CIA World Factbook archive (frozen 2026-02-01). Public domain. The Factbook stopped publishing in February 2026; the year shows when the value was estimated.
- Literacy
- 99.2%
- Field “People and Society → Literacy → total population” in the CIA World Factbook archive (frozen 2026-02-01). Public domain. The Factbook stopped publishing in February 2026; the year shows when the value was estimated.
- Languages
- Romanianofficial91.6%
- Hungarian6.3%
- Romani1.2%
- others0.7%
- Field “People and Society → Languages → Languages” in the CIA World Factbook archive (frozen 2026-02-01). Public domain. The Factbook stopped publishing in February 2026; the year shows when the value was estimated.
- Religions
- Romanian Orthodox85.3%
- Roman Catholic4.5%
- Reformed3%
- Pentecostal2.5%
- other4.7%
- Field “People and Society → Religions” in the CIA World Factbook archive (frozen 2026-02-01). Public domain. The Factbook stopped publishing in February 2026; the year shows when the value was estimated.
Land
- Total area
- 238,391 km²Land 229,891 km² · Water 8,500 km²
- Field “Geography → Area → total” in the CIA World Factbook archive (frozen 2026-02-01). Public domain. The Factbook stopped publishing in February 2026; the year shows when the value was estimated.
- Coastline
- 225 km
- Field “Geography → Coastline” in the CIA World Factbook archive (frozen 2026-02-01). Public domain. The Factbook stopped publishing in February 2026; the year shows when the value was estimated.
- Land borders
- 2,844 km
- Field “Geography → Land boundaries → total” in the CIA World Factbook archive (frozen 2026-02-01). Public domain. The Factbook stopped publishing in February 2026; the year shows when the value was estimated.
- Mean elevation
- 414 m
- Field “Geography → Elevation → mean elevation” in the CIA World Factbook archive (frozen 2026-02-01). Public domain. The Factbook stopped publishing in February 2026; the year shows when the value was estimated.
- Highest point
- 2,544 m Moldoveanu
- Field “Geography → Elevation → highest point” in the CIA World Factbook archive (frozen 2026-02-01). Public domain. The Factbook stopped publishing in February 2026; the year shows when the value was estimated.
Values from the CIA World Factbook archive. Each carries the year it describes; open a year for the exact source field.
Connections
Natural geography 4
Natural Earth outlines · features with a Wikidata ID
Seas 1
Mountain ranges 2
Peninsulas 1
Largest cities 39
Population · Natural Earth