Estonia58.72° N, 25.87° E
For every 7.86 per 1,000 births there are 12.57 per 1,000 deaths — the population is falling 0.47% a year.
population growth -0.47% · 210th/230 · birth rate 7.86 per 1,000 · 206th/226 · death rate 12.57 per 1,000 · 13th/226
CIA World Factbook · 2026-02-01 · ranks computed across the countries in this atlas that carry the value
geometry: Natural Earth 1:50m · EPSG:6933 equal-area
Each line is every country in this atlas that carries the value, ordered smallest to largest. The line down the middle is the world median; the mark on each line is this country.
The name derives from the people who lived along the eastern Baltic Sea in the first centuries CE; their name came from the Baltic word "aueist," meaning "waterside dwellers."
Source: CIA World Factbook · 2026-02-01 · text generated from this source, approved by a person
After centuries of Danish, Swedish, German, and Russian rule, Estonia attained independence in 1918. Estonia was forcibly incorporated into the USSR in 1940, an action never recognized by the US and many other countries. It regained its freedom in 1991 with the collapse of the Soviet Union.
Since the last Russian troops left in 1994, Estonia has been free to promote economic and political ties with the West. It joined both NATO and the EU in 2004, formally joined the OECD in 2010, and adopted the euro as its official currency in 2011.
Source: CIA World Factbook · 2026-02-01 · text generated from this source, approved by a person
Marshy lowlands shape Estonia’s terrain, with flat ground in the north and hills in the south. The mainland terrain is flat, boggy, and partly wooded, while islands lie offshore. Estonia lies in Eastern Europe, bordering the Baltic Sea and Gulf of Finland between Latvia and Russia.
Its natural resources include oil shale, peat, rare earth elements, phosphorite, clay, limestone, sand, dolomite, arable land, and sea mud. Suur Munamagi is Estonia’s highest point. The Baltic Sea is Estonia’s lowest point.
Source: CIA World Factbook · 2026-02-01 · text generated from this source, approved by a person
The climate is maritime, with wet conditions, moderate winters, and cool summers. Flooding sometimes occurs in spring.
Source: CIA World Factbook · 2026-02-01 · text generated from this source, approved by a person
The flag has three equal horizontal bands: blue on top, then black and white. Blue stands for faith, loyalty, and devotion, and also the sky, sea, and lakes. Black stands for the country's soil and the Estonian people's past suffering; white, for striving for enlightenment and virtue, birch bark, snow, and summer nights illuminated by the midnight sun. The national symbols are the barn swallow and cornflower.
Source: CIA World Factbook · 2026-02-01 · text generated from this source, approved by a person
CIA World Factbook
Values from the CIA World Factbook archive. Each carries the year it describes; open a year for the exact source field.
Natural Earth outlines · features with a Wikidata ID
Population · Natural Earth