Field “Economy → GDP (official exchange rate)” in the CIA World Factbook archive (frozen 2026-02-01). Public domain. The Factbook stopped publishing in February 2026; the year shows when the value was estimated.
GDP per capita (PPP)
$79,200
Field “Economy → Real GDP per capita → Real GDP per capita 2024” in the CIA World Factbook archive (frozen 2026-02-01). Public domain. The Factbook stopped publishing in February 2026; the year shows when the value was estimated.
Each line is every country in this atlas that carries the value, ordered smallest to largest. The line down the middle is the world median; the mark on each line is this country.
median
Median age32.6 years112th of 224 · median 32.6 years
Life expectancy78.9 years68th of 224 · median 76.2 years
Fertility rate1.73 children per woman140th of 225 · median 1.92 children per woman
Population433,285176th of 235 · median 5,454,073
Total area5,765 km²170th of 228 · median 83,736 km²
Coastline161 km143rd of 229 · median 402 km
Overview
Geography
Along the northern coast of the island of Borneo, Brunei borders the South China Sea and Malaysia in Southeastern Asia. The terrain includes a flat coastal plain rising to mountains in the east and hilly lowland in the west.
Its position is close to vital sea lanes through the South China Sea linking the Indian and Pacific Oceans. Malaysia physically separates Brunei's two parts. The eastern part, the Temburong district, is an exclave and is almost an enclave within Malaysia. Petroleum, natural gas, and timber are natural resources. Bukit Pagon is the highest point. The South China Sea is the lowest point.
Source: CIA World Factbook · 2026-02-01 · text generated from this source, approved by a person
Climate
A tropical climate brings hot, humid, rainy conditions. Typhoons and severe flooding are rare.
Source: CIA World Factbook · 2026-02-01 · text generated from this source, approved by a person
People and society
Along the coast in the western part of Brunei, people live in a region separated from the eastern portion by Malaysia. The largest population concentration is in the far north on the western side of the Brunei Bay, in and around the capital of Bandar Seri Begawan. Its ethnic groups include Malay, Chinese, and others.
Malay, also called Bahasa Melayu, is Brunei's official language. English and Chinese dialects are also spoken in Brunei. Brunei's religions include Muslim, Christian, Buddhist, and others. Muslim is the official religion.
Source: CIA World Factbook · 2026-02-01 · text generated from this source, approved by a person
Government
An absolute monarchy or sultanate governs Brunei. Its legal system combines English common law and Islamic law. The constitution was drafted 1954 to 1959 and signed 29 September 1959. Brunei gained independence from the UK on 1 January 1984. National Day falls on 23 February (1984).
Source: CIA World Factbook · 2026-02-01 · text generated from this source, approved by a person
Flag and symbols
Yellow carries diagonal white and black bands, black below, starting from upper left, with the red emblem at center. Yellow symbolizes the sultanate; white and black stand for chief ministers, and the royal umbrella represents the monarchy. The crescent bears "Always render service with God's guidance," in yellow Arabic script; two upraised hands pledge to preserve and promote people's welfare. The national symbol is the royal parasol.
Source: CIA World Factbook · 2026-02-01 · text generated from this source, approved by a person
Key figures
CIA World Factbook
Economy
GDP (nominal)
$15.46 billion
Field “Economy → GDP (official exchange rate)” in the CIA World Factbook archive (frozen 2026-02-01). Public domain. The Factbook stopped publishing in February 2026; the year shows when the value was estimated.
GDP (PPP)
$36.64 billion
Field “Economy → Real GDP (purchasing power parity) → Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2024” in the CIA World Factbook archive (frozen 2026-02-01). Public domain. The Factbook stopped publishing in February 2026; the year shows when the value was estimated.
GDP per capita (PPP)
$79,200
Field “Economy → Real GDP per capita → Real GDP per capita 2024” in the CIA World Factbook archive (frozen 2026-02-01). Public domain. The Factbook stopped publishing in February 2026; the year shows when the value was estimated.
GDP growth
+4.2%
Field “Economy → Real GDP growth rate → Real GDP growth rate 2024” in the CIA World Factbook archive (frozen 2026-02-01). Public domain. The Factbook stopped publishing in February 2026; the year shows when the value was estimated.
Inflation (consumer prices)
-0.4%
Field “Economy → Inflation rate (consumer prices) → Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2024” in the CIA World Factbook archive (frozen 2026-02-01). Public domain. The Factbook stopped publishing in February 2026; the year shows when the value was estimated.
Unemployment
5.2%
Field “Economy → Unemployment rate → Unemployment rate 2024” in the CIA World Factbook archive (frozen 2026-02-01). Public domain. The Factbook stopped publishing in February 2026; the year shows when the value was estimated.
Exports
$11.48 billion
Field “Economy → Exports → Exports 2024” in the CIA World Factbook archive (frozen 2026-02-01). Public domain. The Factbook stopped publishing in February 2026; the year shows when the value was estimated.
Imports
$9.11 billion
Field “Economy → Imports → Imports 2024” in the CIA World Factbook archive (frozen 2026-02-01). Public domain. The Factbook stopped publishing in February 2026; the year shows when the value was estimated.
People
Life expectancy
78.9 years
Field “People and Society → Life expectancy at birth → total population” in the CIA World Factbook archive (frozen 2026-02-01). Public domain. The Factbook stopped publishing in February 2026; the year shows when the value was estimated.
Median age
32.6 years
Field “People and Society → Median age → total” in the CIA World Factbook archive (frozen 2026-02-01). Public domain. The Factbook stopped publishing in February 2026; the year shows when the value was estimated.
Birth rate
15.58 per 1,000
Field “People and Society → Birth rate” in the CIA World Factbook archive (frozen 2026-02-01). Public domain. The Factbook stopped publishing in February 2026; the year shows when the value was estimated.
Death rate
3.96 per 1,000
Field “People and Society → Death rate” in the CIA World Factbook archive (frozen 2026-02-01). Public domain. The Factbook stopped publishing in February 2026; the year shows when the value was estimated.
Fertility rate
1.73 children per woman
Field “People and Society → Total fertility rate” in the CIA World Factbook archive (frozen 2026-02-01). Public domain. The Factbook stopped publishing in February 2026; the year shows when the value was estimated.
Population growth
+1.37% a year
Field “People and Society → Population growth rate” in the CIA World Factbook archive (frozen 2026-02-01). Public domain. The Factbook stopped publishing in February 2026; the year shows when the value was estimated.
Urban population
79.1%
Field “People and Society → Urbanization → urban population” in the CIA World Factbook archive (frozen 2026-02-01). Public domain. The Factbook stopped publishing in February 2026; the year shows when the value was estimated.
Languages
Malayofficial
English
Chinese dialects
Field “People and Society → Languages → Languages” in the CIA World Factbook archive (frozen 2026-02-01). Public domain. The Factbook stopped publishing in February 2026; the year shows when the value was estimated.
Religions
Muslim82.1%
Christian6.7%
Buddhist6.3%
other4.9%
Field “People and Society → Religions” in the CIA World Factbook archive (frozen 2026-02-01). Public domain. The Factbook stopped publishing in February 2026; the year shows when the value was estimated.
Land
Total area
5,765 km²Land 5,265 km² · Water 500 km²
Field “Geography → Area → total” in the CIA World Factbook archive (frozen 2026-02-01). Public domain. The Factbook stopped publishing in February 2026; the year shows when the value was estimated.
Coastline
161 km
Field “Geography → Coastline” in the CIA World Factbook archive (frozen 2026-02-01). Public domain. The Factbook stopped publishing in February 2026; the year shows when the value was estimated.
Land borders
266 km
Field “Geography → Land boundaries → total” in the CIA World Factbook archive (frozen 2026-02-01). Public domain. The Factbook stopped publishing in February 2026; the year shows when the value was estimated.
Mean elevation
478 m
Field “Geography → Elevation → mean elevation” in the CIA World Factbook archive (frozen 2026-02-01). Public domain. The Factbook stopped publishing in February 2026; the year shows when the value was estimated.
Highest point
1,850 m Bukit Pagon
Field “Geography → Elevation → highest point” in the CIA World Factbook archive (frozen 2026-02-01). Public domain. The Factbook stopped publishing in February 2026; the year shows when the value was estimated.
Values from the CIA World Factbook archive. Each carries the year it describes; open a year for the exact source field.
Brunei